Liberalism first became a powerful force in the
Age of Enlightenment, rejecting several foundational assumptions that dominated most earlier theories of government, such as
nobility,
established religion,
absolute monarchy, and the
Divine Right of Kings. The early liberal thinker
John Locke, who is often credited for the creation of liberalism as a distinct philosophical tradition, employed the concept of
natural rights and the
social contract to argue that the
rule of law should replace
absolutism in government, that rulers were subject to the
consent of the governed, and that private individuals had a fundamental right to life, liberty, and
property.
The revolutionaries in the
American Revolution and the
French Revolution used liberal philosophy to justify the armed overthrow of tyrannical rule. The nineteenth century saw liberal governments established in nations across
Europe,
Latin America, and
North America. Liberal ideas spread even further in the twentieth century, when liberal democracies triumphed in two world wars and survived major ideological challenges from
fascism and
communism. Today,
liberalism in its many forms remains as a political force to varying degrees of power and influence on
all major continents.
A twenty-first century development is an emerging
new liberalism that is centred on the concept of timeless freedom (ensuring the freedom of future generations through proactive action taken today).
[8] This is an idea that has been endorsed by the President of
Liberal International Hans van Baalen.
Progressive according to Wikipedia
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